[ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ] Strange stuff, but it might fit." "A separated space-time?" "Look, suppose we think back to one second after the Big Bang. To make it, you'd need about 1089 of the basics--protons, electrons, neutrons, photons, neutrinos. A lot. But now think about an earlier time, before the universe inflated, before it really took off. All you need there is a region of false vacuum." She knew all this, the standard early universe scenario from grad school, furniture supplied by particle physicists to the field of cosmology decades before. It had become as conventional as the story of w rock 'n' roll evolved from American pop to British invasion to psychedelic and then into slow decline. A minute region begins--never mind why:excited to a higher energy state. The Grand Unified Theories of a generation before demanded only a speck of false vacuum 10-2s centimeters across with a mere gram of mass packed into it. Close to nothing, in other words. But that matter was compressed to a density 10s°times that of water. Beyond the range of any conceivable techno-trick. "--so if a false vacuum can form," Max was saying, "it should neck off from ours in an instant." "Uh, 'neck'?" Her lips puckered skeptically. She could just barely keep up with his terminology, a frequent problem she had with theorists. He had already generated some com file:///F|/rah/Gregory%20Benford/Benford,%20Gregory%20-%20Cosm.txt (146 of 343) [5/21/03 12:51:14 AM] file:///F|/rah/Gregory%20Benford/Benford,%20Gregory%20-%20Cosm.txt puter sketches and printed them out with hand-lettered labels. She tried to follow the way the false vacuum formed a "bubble wall" within ordinary space, which was the "true vacuum" where everybody lived. "Yeah, a neck is an indentation in our space-timelwhich is the 'true' vacuum. This dent represents a false vacuum, a dip which deepens very fast. This drawing tells the geometric truth, too. Once the bubble of false vacuum"he shaded in the bulb at the base of the space-time fuell"has room to move, it can grow wihoutaking up volume in our space-time." file:///F|/rah/Gregory%20Benford/Benford,%20Gregory%20-%20Cosm.txt (147 of 343) [5/21/03 12:51:14 AM] file:///F|/rah/Gregory%20Benford/Benford,%20Gregory%20-%20Cosm.txt GREGORY BENFORD· The best way to follow a theory, she knew from long experience, was to break it into pieces and worry each until she got some physical feel for it. "So the false vacuum makes a new space as it expands." "Right, new. Very important. It doesn't have to expand at our expense." "That cord connecting us to the bubble, you mean it's--" "One end of it is a sphere, in our space-time. A class of wormhole nobody really analyzed before." "Why is it solid?" Back to the earlier questions. "Because the special compressed space-time that makes this cord, it's like an inconceivably hard substance. Light goes through it, nothing else." "You said something like that before." To Brad, she thought, then deflected her mind away from the memory with "Why should I believe that now?" "Because it's the only explanation for how we can have a stable sphere sitting over there and not a tiny black hole." "I don't get it. This separated space-time, it's necking down and should get farther away, right?" "But it's also expanding. How those effects counterbalance, I don't know. ' ' "What do these old papers say?" She riffled through the photopies skeptically, catching titles that made no sense. Page 84 ABC Amber Palm Converter, http://www.processtext.com/abcpalm.html Max fidgeted with his chalk, a sure sign of uncertainty. "Well, the simple analysis shows that it should choke off rather fast, in about 10 37 seconds." Rather than laugh in his face, she looked at her watch. "You need to be somewhere?" Max asked. "No, just checking to see if 10-37 seconds had passed." He laughed explosively and she saw that he was uneasy about this theory, wanted her to approve. That was oddly touching in itself, but she kept to the physics. "What would it look like in that time, which you say is 10 37 seconds, before it was gone?" He still shuffled his feet and fidgeted his chalk. "The standard calculation says it should look like an infinitesimal black hole. It would file:///F|/rah/Gregory%20Benford/Benford,%20Gregory%20-%20Cosm.txt (148 of 343) [5/21/03 12:51:14 AM] [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ] zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl blacksoulman.xlx.pl